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Table 1 Total noise level σTC for geometry-based useful combinations under different given error budget in cm [σ ϕ  = 5 mm]

From: Review of triple-frequency GNSS: ambiguity resolution, benefits and challenges

system

combinations

δ ι  = 10

δ ι  = 20

δ ι  = 100

δ τ  = 5

δ τ  = 10

δ τ  = 15

δ o  = 1

δ o  = 2

δ o  = 8

GPS

ϕ (0,1,-1)

0.042

0.067

0.297

ϕ (1,-6,5)

0.160

0.163

0.174

ϕ (1,-5,4)

0.138

0.154

0.358

ϕ (1,-1,0)

0.164

0.322

1.510

ϕ (4,-3,0)

0.468

0.913

2.044

ϕ (4,0,-3)

0.487

0.951

1.998

BDS

ϕ (0,-1,1)

0.045

0.074

0.329

ϕ (1,4,-5)

0.136

0.138

0.172

ϕ (1,3,-4)

0.111

0.122

0.255

ϕ (1,-1,0)

0.167

0.330

1.540

ϕ (4,-3,0)

0.466

0.909

1.618

ϕ (5,-4,0)

0.537

1.040

1.919